![]() Skin and bones are poor conductors, although skin conductivity varies depending on its moisture content and temperature. Most tissues are good conductors, especially nerves and vessels. ![]() The severity of injury is determined by the voltage and amperage, the type of current, duration of contact, and the pathway of the current through the body. They are most common in children and male manual workers. Eventually, 83 articles were included in the review.Įlectrical injuries account for less than 5% of all burns. The suitability for the inclusion of each study into the publication was thoroughly assessed. Repetitions were rejected from the found articles. ![]() Filters related to the type of articles (clinical trials, review, systematic review, book) were used. We tried to use the latest reports on the pathophysiology and treatment of burns, but when discussing changes in the patient’s body after thermal injury, we did not want to eliminate older reports describing significant metabolic changes. The time range of the searched articles was not established. The following keywords were used to search for available articles: “Burns”, “Burn”, “Burns pathophysiology”, “Burns treatment”, “Burn injury”, “Thermal injury”, “Burns treatment”. Therefore, the aim of the study was to comprehensively discuss the disorders occurring in patients at different times after the occurrence of burns and the appropriate treatment methods.Ī literature analysis was carried out on the PubMed database. The use of appropriate treatment strategies in the shortest possible time from the occurrence of thermal injury can not only save the patient’s life, but also shorten their hospital stay and recovery time. This does not change the fact that many aspects of the pathophysiology of this type of injury need further research, which will make it possible to develop a better, standardised, and generally accepted effective burn resuscitation regimen. Efforts aimed at advancing our understanding of the problem of burns are gradually improving survival rates and the quality of life of burn patients. In the twentieth century, major developments in our knowledge of burn care occurred, particularly with regard to the problems of fluid loss and resuscitation, the hypermetabolic response to burns, infection control and the development of topical antimicrobials, early excision of burned tissue and wound closure with autologous or allogeneic skin grafts, keratinocyte culture, and, last but not least, the use of artificial skin substitutes. His classification is still in use in many parts of the world. In 1797, Edward Kentish described the use of pressure dressings to alleviate the effects of burns and blistering, while in 1839, Dupuytren reviewed more than 50 cases of burns and presented a classification with six degrees of burn depth. At the beginning of the 17th century, Guilhelmus Fabricius Hildanus ventured to discuss the pathophysiology of burns, making a unique contribution to the treatment of scar contractures, among other things. In the mid-16th century, Ambrose Paré was one of the first to describe early burn wound excision. The historical writings of Hippocrates, Celsus, and Galen describe increasingly elaborate methods for making ointments, dressings, and treatment regimens for different types of burns. The first formulations for concoctions to be used in burn care can be found already in prehistoric paintings, Egyptian papyri, and ancient Chinese art. Any burn, even relatively minor, can have functional and aesthetic implications lasting throughout the patient’s lifetime.īurns and their treatment have been regarded as an important medical problem since antiquity. The repair process of burn injury, which begins as early as several hours after the traumatic event, may also be impaired by large fluid losses via the wound. The loss of the physical barrier function of the skin opens the door to invasion by harmful microorganisms, which can lead to infection, and ultimately even to the development of sepsis. These deep structures are a source of proliferating epithelial cells (keratinocytes), which migrate into the clot and wound bed, playing an important role in the wound healing process. It consists of the epidermis and the dermis, deep within which are important skin appendage structures (including hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands). Skin is the human body’s largest organ, covering a surface area of about 2 sqm in an average adult.
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